Swiss scientists have introduced SonoTextiles, an innovative technology that enables fabrics to sense touch wirelessly. Instead of relying on traditional electronics, the researchers utilized fiberglass threads capable of transmitting ultrasound signals at a frequency of 100 kHz.
Conventional electronic sensors often necessitate complex signal processing and are prone to rapid battery depletion. In contrast, this new technology preserves the inherent properties of conventional fabric, maintaining its softness, flexibility, and washability. Miniature sensors positioned at the ends of the fiberglass threads are designed to detect even the slightest alterations in the sound waves as the fabric moves or is touched. Uniquely, the system avoids data overload by assigning each sensor its own distinct operating frequency.
Unlike traditional smart textiles where each sensor requires individual control, leading to system complexity and data processing challenges, SonoTextiles functions on a fundamentally different principle. The flexible structure of the glass fibers naturally modulates the acoustic waves when the fabric is deformed by touch or movement. These deformations cause changes in the acoustic waves propagating through the fibers, and the integrated receivers instantly detect these changes.
The researchers have successfully tested this technology in prototypes of a smart T-shirt and gloves. The smart T-shirt demonstrated the ability to monitor the wearer’s breathing patterns, while the gloves were able to translate hand gestures into text. The scientists envision a future where such fabrics can be used for a wide range of applications, including continuous health monitoring, providing feedback to athletes to improve performance, and even serving as a discreet signaling mechanism for emergency services in critical situations.